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Co2 fixing8/7/2023 ![]() ![]() This includes waste gas emitted from industrial activity, syngas from burned plant biomass or processed municipal waste, and electrochemical reduction of CO2. Waste carbon gas represents a large and diverse set of feedstocks that could be captured and turned into useful products. We emphasize key enabling technologies to accelerate strain development for acetogens and other nonmodel organisms. We discuss the current commercial process for conversion of waste gases to more » ethanol, including the underlying biology, challenges in process scale-up, and progress on genetic tool development and metabolic engineering to expand the product spectrum. We review the state of the art of gas fermentation and discuss opportunities to accelerate future development and rollout. Gas fermentation usingcarbon-fixing microorganisms offers an economically viable and scalable solution with unique feedstock and product flexibility that has been commercialized recently. ![]() Technologies that enable carbon capture and conversion of greenhouse gases into useful products will help mitigate climate change by enabling a new circular carbon economy. Owing to rising levels of greenhouse gases in our atmosphere and oceans, climate change poses significant environmental, economic, and social challenges globally. Therefore, promoting the use of C1 compounds as renewable carbon feedstocks can greatly contribute to the reduction of anthropogenic emission of air pollutants. Many C1 compounds are waste gases from industrial activities and may have detrimental effects on climate change upon emission into the atmosphere. Considering lowering input costs is also a main consideration for successful business ventures, the use of inexpensive, abundant, and widely accessible C1 compounds is envisioned as a promising route for the sustainable production of fine chemicals, fuels, and other high-value products. There is of great interest for the research community in using C1 compounds (i.e., CO 2, CO/syngas, methane, methanol) as the next generation feedstocks for microbial cell factories and biocatalysts to promote the sustainable more » development of a green economy (Figure 1). The exponentially growing multi-omics data and technological advances in the development of efficient genetic manipulation tools and techniques have allowed scientists to explore and expand their understanding of microbial metabolisms and further develop sophisticated engineering strategies to realize the use of industrial "workhorses" and non-conventional microorganisms for sustainable bioconversion and biorefinery. The past decade has seen significant progress in the field of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. Finally, we also discuss in detail the gaps and opportunities to advance the understanding of these autotrophic biocatalysts for the efficient and economically viable production of bioproducts from recycled = , More specifically, we provide an overview of the systems-level understanding of metabolism, key metabolic pathways, scale-up opportunities and commercial successes, and the most recent technological advances in strain and process engineering. Here we discuss available microbial systems and review in detail the metabolism of both anaerobic acetogens and aerobic hydrogenotrophs and their ability to utilize C1 waste feedstocks. Microbial gas fermentation presents an exciting opportunity to capture carbon oxides from gaseous and solid waste streams with high feedstock flexibility and selectivity. The magnitude of these challenges requires several approaches to capture and utilize waste carbon and establish a circular economy. On top of this, the increasing accumulation of solid waste within the linear economy model is threatening global biosustainability. If this pattern of increasing emissions does not change, it will cause further climate change with severe consequences for the human population. High levels of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions are driving the warming of global climate. ![]()
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